The 2018 Gruber Cosmology Prize: The Planck Team and members Jean-Loup Puget and Nazzareno Mandolesi, the leaders of the high frequency and low frequency instrument consortia, respectively.

The Planck Team, part of an international collaboration organized by the European Space Agency, mapped the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation with the ESA Planck spacecraft.

Planck measured, with unprecedented precision, the matter content and geometry of the universe, the imprint on the CMB of hot gas in galaxy clusters and of gravitational lensing by large-scale structure, constrained a hypothetical `inflationary' phase, pinned down when the first stars formed,and provided unique information about interstellar dust and magnetic fields in our Galaxy.

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